Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. 1) In 1557, Mary I took England to war with France to support her husband who was already fighting the French. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. Boston Spa, Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! . James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. 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The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Europe. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. By this time radical Puritan sectaries were perceived to be . Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. VAT reg no 816865400. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. Most people in . Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. Company Reg no: 04489574. LS23 6AD The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined. Elizabeth delayed the opening of this Parliament that had originally been summoned in the autumn of 1588 in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada for as long as she could afford to, knowing that the Commons would be eager to broach two topics, religious debates and foreign policy, that she usually reserved to her prerogative. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. Throckmorton was tortured and although he confessed, was then killed. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. Norfolk was killed in 1572. Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. This pleased those eager for her to marry, but made many unhappy because they did not want her to marry a French Catholic. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. By instinct, Elizabeth was a As such, I disagree with the statement. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). By August 1986, Walsingham had gathered enough evidence to dismantle the plot. Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. Foreign Affairs. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. . Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . These privateers also raided Spanish ships and attacked the treasure fleets that carried gold and silver from the Americas to Spain. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. 2) This war was not a success. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Burghley also spelled Burleigh, also called (1551-71) Sir William Cecil, (born Sept. 13, 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Eng.died Aug. 5, 1598, London), principal adviser to England's Queen Elizabeth I through most of her reign. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. The French were Catholic but did not have the same hostility to English Protestantism as Spain was. It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. France was to be a constant thorn in the side of Elizabeth I throughout her reign. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria.
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