Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. Partially vaccinated adults, and those who received a single dose of a 1-dose product <14 days before the positive SARS-CoV-2 test result were not included in analyses by vaccination status but were included in rates and overall proportions that were not stratified by vaccination status. As of January 26, 2022, 39.6% of Black persons received a primary vaccine series; of those, 43.9% of adults received a booster dose once eligible. Requests for access to the underlying source data should be directed to UKHSA. This is a relevant consideration because vaccines can be less effective in persons with a weakened immune system. Sect. ***** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI=2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before a positive for SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. and statistical significance was assessed at two-sided p0.05. endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. U.S. regulators had authorized the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 5 to 11 years in October, prior to the Omicron surge. Effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines in ambulatory and inpatient care settings. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. Zerbo, O. et al. This preceded and had no relation to COVID-19, and GD had no role in and received no funding from the project. TN and NMF validated the data. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. However, a milder virus could still put pressure . Rep. 7, 255263 (2022). Omicron data in UK is 'enormously worrying,' immunologist says "In the last two weeks, no fewer than 80% of admissions were below the age of 50 years. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. Internet Explorer). Association of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants. N. Engl. Article https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045v1, https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccination-Demographics-in-the-United-St/km4m-vcsb. Hospitalization rates were 10.5 times higher in the unvaccinated and 2.5 times higher in vaccinated patients with no booster than in booster recipients. Corresponding author: Christopher A. Taylor, iyq3@cdc.gov. Age-adjusted hospitalization rates among Black adults peaked at 94.7 (January 8, 2022), higher than that among all other racial and ethnic groups, 3.8 times the rate among White adults (24.8) for the same week, and 2.5 times the previous peak (January 16, 2021) among Black adults (37.2). Our analysis . * Overall rates are unadjusted; rates presented by racial and ethnic group are age-adjusted. The funders played no direct role in the study. 2022 The Authors. Among all adults, relative to the Delta-predominant period, COVID-19related illness was the primary reason for admission for a smaller percentage of hospitalizations (87.5% versus 95.5%, p<0.01), and median length of stay was shorter (4 versus 5 days, p<0.01) during the Omicron-predominant period; during this period, the proportion of patients admitted to an intensive care unit, who received invasive mechanical ventilation, and who died in-hospital decreased significantly (all p<0.01). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. We conducted secondary sensitivity analyses restricting the population to infants who received at least one SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer, Office of the Vice President for Research | Contact U of M | Privacy Policy, Mary Van Beusekom | News Writer | CIDRAP News, Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles. Although both approaches adjusted for the same confounding factors, the effectiveness estimates from the TND were higher than those from the cohort design, which is consistent with our previous analyses of influenza vaccine effectiveness in which we also observed that the TND tended to result in higher vaccine effectiveness estimates than did our cohort analyses30. When possible, CDC associates a persons primary vaccination series and booster dose with that person. 189, 13791388 (2020). TN, NMF, SFlax, SFunk, SA, SB, and ST did the formal analysis. Symptoms are abstracted from the medical chart and might not be complete. ; COVID-NET Surveillance Team. J. Epidemiol. Vaccinations were limited only to those received during pregnancy. In-hospital death status was missing in 1.4% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are otherwise included elsewhere in the analysis. The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. The U.K. Health. Models in this analysis were adjusted for the same covariates included in the primary analysis. Dis. Adults with a positive result whose SARS-CoV-2 test date was 14 days after the first dose of a 2-dose series but <14 days after receipt of the second dose were considered partially vaccinated. During the proxy omicron period, we found a vaccine effectiveness of 70% (95% confidence interval . Finally, we conducted additional supplemental analyses to estimate VE among children whose mothers received at least one vaccine dose prior to pregnancy onset and at least one dose during pregnancy. Kim, L. et al. N. Engl. Mountain lions, a bobcat, red foxes, black bears, and skunks represent the latest avian flu cases in mammals. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. To account for the correlation between infants with the same mother, we fit marginal Cox proportional hazards models using robust sandwich variance estimates. Wkly. All these results were similar to those when no adjustments for covariates are made (Supplemental Table1). M.G. The cumulative monthly age-adjusted hospitalization rate during January 2022 among unvaccinated adults (528.2) was 12 times the rates among those who had received a booster or additional dose (45.0) and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose (133.5). Vaccine 40, 656665 (2022). State data show the average age for COVID deaths was about 80 in late 2020, but dropped in spring 2021 to as low as 69 after most older adults received their first COVID vaccines. Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. Effectiveness of Two Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccine before and during Proxy Omicron Period. To obtain J. Med. COVID-19associated signs and symptoms included respiratory symptoms (congestion or runny nose, cough, hemoptysis or bloody sputum, shortness of breath or respiratory distress, sore throat, upper respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, and wheezing) and non-respiratory symptoms (abdominal pain, altered mental status or confusion, anosmia or decreased smell, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysgeusia or decreased taste, fatigue, fever or chills, headache, muscle aches or myalgias, nausea or vomiting, rash, and seizures). This work was supported by grants from the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council (NMF, WH, SB, EV, ACG [Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; MR/R015600/1], DDA, AMP [MC/UU/00002/11], and SRS [MC/UU/00002/10]); Medical Research Council UKRIDepartment of Health and Social Care National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) COVID-19 rapid response call (NMF, SB [MR/V038109/1], TN, AC, DDA, and AMP [MC/PC/19074]); the NIHR Health Protection Units in: Modelling and Health Economics (NMF, WH, SB, EV, AC, and ACG [NIHR200908]), Behavioural Science and Evaluation (AC and DDA), and Respiratory Infections (JLB); Wellcome Trust (SFunk and SA [210758/Z/18/Z]); philanthropic funding from Community Jameel (NMF, WH, SB, and EV); and the UKRI Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (SFlax [EP/V002910/2]). wrote the initial manuscript. But the average . The risk of hospitalisation appeared to increase when comparing delta with alpha infections. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. The cohort analyses may be biased toward the null if some infected infants were misclassified as uninfected due to the absence of a SARS-CoV-2 test result in the medical record. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. part 56; 42 U.S.C. Beginning the week of December 1925, 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became the predominant circulating variant in the United States (i.e., accounted for >50% of sequenced isolates). Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. J. However, protection estimates greater than 90% might be too high if individuals with a previous infection were more likely than those without one to come forward for a test for reasons other than suspicion of COVID-19. N. Engl. BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against omicron in children 5 to 11 years of age. As infants aged, protection provided by maternal vaccination decreased during both periods. In the present study, the mothers of only 32% of infants in the cohort received at least 2 doses during pregnancy. Baden, L. R. et al. Andrews, N. et al. J. Med. 182, 825831 (2022). Receipt of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and preterm or small-for-gestational-age at birtheight integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 15, 2020-July 22, 2021. PubMed Google Scholar. Gretchen Rothrock, California Emerging Infections Program; Millen Tsegaye, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Julie Plano, Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health; Kyle Openo, Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University; Andy Weigel, Iowa Department of Health; Chloe Brown, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; Erica Bye, Minnesota Department of Health; Wickliffe Omondi, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico; Alison Muse, New York State Department of Health; Christina Felsen, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Eli Shiltz, Ohio Department of Health; Nasreen Abdullah, Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; William Schaffner, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Melanie Crossland, Salt Lake County Health Department. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates, including non-Hispanic Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. Hospitalization of infants and children aged 0-4 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 14 states, March 2020-February 2022. If SARS-CoV-2 test date was missing, hospitalization admission date was used. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of It is not inevitable that viral evolution leads to lower severity. Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, USA, Ousseny Zerbo,G. Thomas Ray,Bruce Fireman,Evan Layefsky,Kristin Goddard,Edwin Lewis,Pat Ross&Nicola P. Klein, Yale University, Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA, Regional Perinatal Service Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Santa Clara, CA, USA, You can also search for this author in Omicron vaccine effectiveness estimates for 7 to 59 days, 60 to 119 days, and 240 days or more after the second dose are not presented owing to imprecision in the estimates and wide 95% CIs (ie, 100 percentage points). Officials have received a growing number of reports of XDR Shigella, which is highly transmissible and resistant to commonly recommended antibiotics, in adults. Nursing home residents have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19; older age, comorbidities, and the congregate nature of nursing homes place residents at higher risk for infection and severe COVID-19-associated outcomes . Polack, F. P. et al. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations, through building vaccine confidence, raising awareness of the benefits of vaccination, and removing barriers to vaccination access among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates from COVID-19, including Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. The mean age at pregnancy onset was 31.62 years (standard deviation of 4.66 years). Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. CDC graphs show in detail the protection vaccines gave from hospitalization. After adjusting for covariates, vaccination during pregnancy significantly reduced the risk of the infant testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93) during the first 2 months of life, 62% (95% CI: 39, 77) during the first 4 months of life and 56% (95% CI: 34,71) during the first 6 months of life. COVID-19 incidence and death rates among unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults with and without booster doses during periods of Delta and Omicron variant emergence25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4December 25, 2021. Vaccines: The CDC recommends that everyone age 5 and older get an updated covid booster shot. J. Med. JAMA Netw. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. These persons are excluded from the proportions of race/ethnicity but are included in other analyses. **** ICU admission and IMV are not mutually exclusive categories, and patients could have received both. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. During the Delta period, we found that protection extended through the infants first 6 months of life. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations, though building vaccine confidence, raising awareness of the benefits of vaccination, and removing barriers to vaccination access among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates from COVID-19, including Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. In the TND, we estimated that during the Delta predominant period, maternal vaccination with at least doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 95% (95% CI:76, 99) during the first 2 months of life, 70% (95% CI: 52, 82) during the first 4 months of life, and 61% (95% CI: 42, 74) during the first 6 months of life (Supplemental Table2). 385, 13551371 (2021). Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained low. The efficacy of COVID 19 vaccines for reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 infection is demonstrated in real life. The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. 241(d); 5 U.S.C. Weekly rates among unvaccinated adults and adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with a booster or additional dose peaked at 149.8 (January 8, 2022) and 11.7 (January 22, 2022), respectively. Sign up for notifications from Insider! Vaccinated patients during the Delta wave were 37% (over with two doses), while during the Omicron wave they were 57%. 552a; 44 U.S.C. Wkly. JAMA 326, 16291631 (2021). Table 2. A and B, Markers indicate estimates, with vertical lines indicating 95% CIs. Between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022, we identified 62,117 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated healthcare delivery organization. Adults whose vaccination status had not yet been verified using the immunization information system data were considered to have unknown vaccination status and were included in total proportions but not stratified by vaccination status. Cite this article. References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are This case-positive, control-test-negative design also referred to as the test-negative design (TND) has often been used in studies of vaccine effectiveness. During the Omicron-predominant period, peak hospitalization rates among non-Hispanic Black (Black) adults were nearly four times the rate of non-Hispanic White (White) adults and was the highest rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7050e2.htm, Adults who completed their primary COVID-19 vaccination series were defined as those who had received the second dose of a 2-dose primary vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose primary vaccine product 14 days before receipt of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result associated with their hospitalization but received no additional or booster dose. GD declares that his employer UK Health Security Agency (previously operating as Public Health England) received funding from GlaxoSmithKline for a research project related to influenza antiviral treatment. VE against hospitalization was not estimated because of the very small number of hospitalized cases.